Kunyamula njanji yachangu komanso yotsika mtengo
Zoyendera za njanji pakati pa China ndi Europe Mwachangu komanso zotsika mtengo
Mothandizidwa ndi ndalama zochokera ku boma la China, mayendedwe onyamula njanji amathandizira kuti katundu wochokera kumpoto ndi pakati pa China azitha kutumizidwa kumayiko ambiri ku Europe, nthawi zina ndikutumiza kwamakilomita omaliza komwe kumaperekedwa ndi magalimoto kapena njira zazifupi zapanyanja.Timayang'ana ubwino wa zonyamula katundu wa njanji pakati pa China ndi Ulaya, njira zazikulu, ndi zina zothandiza potumiza katundu ndi njanji.
Ubwino wa njanji yonyamula katundu Kuthamanga: Kuthamanga kuposa sitima
Ulendo wa njanji kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe, kuchokera ku terminal kupita ku terminal, ndipo kutengera njira, umatenga masiku 15 mpaka 18.Imeneyi ndi pafupifupi theka la nthawi yomwe zimatengera kusuntha zotengera ndi sitima.
Ndi nthawi zazifupizi zamayendedwe, mabizinesi amatha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pakusintha zomwe msika ukufunikira.Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zazifupi zimatsogolera kusinthasintha kochulukira ndipo motero kuchepa kwa masheya.Mwanjira ina, mabizinesi amatha kumasula ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndikuchepetsa mtengo wawo.
Kuchepetsa mtengo pamalipiro a chiwongola dzanja pa katundu ndi phindu lina.Choncho njanji ndi njira yowoneka bwino yonyamula katundu wapamadzi pazamagetsi zamtengo wapatali, mwachitsanzo.
Mtengo: Zotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi ndege
Kunyamula katundu m'nyanja kumapereka zotsika mtengo kwambiri, ndipo pano ndiyo njira yomwe anthu amasamutsira kupita ndi kuchokera ku China.Komabe, nthawi zamaulendo ndi zazitali.Choncho, pamene liwiro likufunika, katundu wa ndege amalowa, ngakhale kuti mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri.
Kutengera malo onyamulira, kopita ndi kuchuluka kwake, kunyamula chidebe kuchokera khomo ndi khomo ndi njanji ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri mtengo wa katundu wapanyanja ndi kotala mtengo wotumizira katundu wandege.
Mwachitsanzo: Chidebe cha mapazi 40 chimatha kusunga katundu wokwana 22,000 kg.Pa sitima, mtengo ukhoza kukhala pafupifupi USD 8,000.Panyanja, katundu yemweyo angagulitse pafupifupi USD 4,000 ndi ndege USD 32,000.
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, njanji yakhala ikudziyika yokha pakati pa nyanja ndi mpweya, yomwe imakhala yotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi yonyamula katundu wandege komanso yachangu kuposa yotumiza panyanja.
Kukhazikika: Kukonda zachilengedwe kuposa kutumiza ndege
Kunyamula katundu m'nyanja kumakhalabe njira yosamalira zachilengedwe.Komabe, mpweya wa CO2 wonyamula katundu wa njanji ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wonyamula ndege, mkangano womwe ukukula kwambiri.
Njira zonyamula njanji pakati pa China ndi Europe
Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zamasitima onyamula katundu, okhala ndi mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono:
1. Njira yakummwera yodutsa ku Kazakhstan ndi kum'mwera kwa Russia ndiyoyenera kwambiri kunyamula katundu kupita ndi kuchokera pakati pa China, mwachitsanzo madera ozungulira Chengdu, Chongqing ndi Zhengzhou.
2. Njira yakumpoto yodutsa ku Siberia ndi yabwino kwa zoyendera zotengera kumadera akumpoto ozungulira Beijing, Dalian, Suzhou ndi Shenyang.Ku Europe, ma terminals ofunikira kwambiri ndi Duisburg ndi Hamburg ku Germany, ndi Warsaw ku Poland.
Sitima yapamtunda ndi yabwino kwa mabizinesi omwe katundu wawo amakhala waufupi kwambiri kuti asalole kutumizidwa panyanja.Ndizosangalatsanso pazinthu zotsika mtengo pomwe zonyamula ndege ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa njanji zotumizidwa kuchokera ku Asia kupita ku Europe ndi za mafakitale monga zamagalimoto, ogula, ogulitsa ndi mafashoni, opanga mafakitale ndiukadaulo.Zambiri mwazinthuzo zimapita ku Germany, msika waukulu kwambiri, koma zotumizira zimapitanso kumayiko oyandikana nawo: Belgium, Netherlands, France, Denmark, Switzerland ndipo nthawi zina amapita ku UK, Spain ndi Norway.
Phatikizani katundu wosiyanasiyana muzotumiza zoyendetsedwa bwino
Kuphatikiza pa katundu wathunthu wa chidebe (FCL), zonyamula zochepera (LCL) zapezeka posachedwa, pomwe opereka zida akukonzekera kuphatikiza katundu angapo kuchokera kwa makasitomala osiyanasiyana kukhala zotengera zonse.Izi zimapangitsa kuti njanji ikhale yankho lokongola la zotumiza zing'onozing'ono.
Mwachitsanzo, DSV imapereka ma njanji achindunji a LCL omwe amayenda pafupipafupi:
1. Shanghai kupita ku Duesseldorf: ntchito yonyamula katundu mlungu ndi mlungu imadzaza matumba awiri a 40-foot
2. Shanghai kupita ku Warsaw: zotengera zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za 40 pa sabata
3. Shenzhen ku Warsaw: chidebe chimodzi kapena ziwiri za 40-foot pa sabata
M'zaka zaposachedwa, China yapanga ndalama zambiri panjira yolumikizira njanji pakati pa Asia ndi Europe pansi pa Belt and Road Initiative, ndikudzipangira ma terminal ndi njanji.Ndalamazi zimaloza kufupikako kwa nthawi zamaulendo komanso kutsika mtengo m'kupita kwanthawi.
Kuwongolera kwina kuli m'njira.Zotengera za Reefer (mufiriji) zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mokulirapo.Izi zipangitsa kuti zowonongeka zisamalidwe bwino.Pakalipano, kunyamula ndege ndi njira yoyamba yotumizira zinthu zowonongeka, zomwe ndi njira yotsika mtengo.Kuthekera kotumiza zotengera zomwe sizinali zodziwika bwino komanso katundu wowopsa zikuwunikidwanso.
Zomwe muyenera kuziganizira potumiza njanji ya Intermodal kuchokera khomo ndi khomo
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi katundu wamlengalenga ndi nyanja, muyenera kuganizira za kayendetsedwe ka katundu wanu asanatumize komanso pambuyo pake.Pazonyamula katundu wa njanji, mukuyenera kuti katunduyo alowedwe mu chidebe chomwe chingabwereke kumalo osungiramo zinthu za oyendetsa sitima.Ngati nyumba yanu yosungiramo katundu ili pafupi ndi malo osungiramo zinthu, kungakhale kopindulitsa kusamutsa katunduyo mwamsewu kupita kumalo osungiramo katundu kuti asamutsire m’makontena kumeneko, m’malo mochita lendi chidebe chopanda kanthu kuti mulowetse pamalo anu.Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, poyerekeza ndi madoko apanyanja, oyendetsa njanji amakhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono.Chifukwa chake muyenera kuganizira mozama zamayendedwe opita ndi kuchokera ku depot, popeza malo osungira ndi ochepa.
Zilango zamalonda kapena kunyanyala
Mayiko ena omwe ali m'mphepete mwa njirayo amapatsidwa zilango kapena kunyanyala ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi mosemphanitsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti katundu wina akhoza kuletsedwa ku mayiko ena.Zomangamanga zaku Russia ndizokalamba kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama kutsika kwambiri kuposa ku China, mwachitsanzo.Palinso mfundo yakuti malire angapo pakati pa mayiko opanda mgwirizano wamalonda ayenera kuwoloka.Pewani kuchedwa poonetsetsa kuti zolemba zanu zili bwino.
Kuwongolera kutentha
Nthawi zonse katundu akatumizidwa ndi njanji, pamakhala kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kozungulira kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumayenera kuganiziridwa.Ku China, kumakhala kotentha kwambiri, pomwe ku Russia, kumazizira kwambiri.Kusintha kwa kutentha kumeneku kungayambitse mavuto kwa katundu wina.Yang'anani ndi wothandizira wanu zomwe zimatengedwa potumiza zinthu zomwe zimafuna zoyendera zoyendetsedwa ndi kutentha ndi kusungidwa.
